The joint is capable of a wide range of directional movements, including abduction, adduction, and circumduction, but flexion and extension constitute the majority of shoulder movement. The use of positional imaging such as abduction and external rotation (ABER) and flexion in adduction and internal rotation (FADIR) to supplement standard imaging planes improves diagnostic accuracy for some lesions [1–5].The FADIR position was introduced by Song et al. ), says Ashley Joi, CPT, trainer for health and fitness app Centr. The centre of the body is defined as the midsagittal plane. If you were to put your arms out to the side at shoulder level, as if you were at the top of a lateral raise, then the movement required to get back to your starting position would be adduction. The humerus crosses mid-line Normal timing: the elbow and shoulder motion occur together b a c. 7.3.2 Extension - Adduction - Internal Rotation with Elbow Flexion (o Fig. They are exhibited by most of the movable parts of the human body. From 30° to 90° of flexion and abduction, the glenohumeral (G-H) joint contributes another 30° of motion, whereas the scapula upwardly rotates 30°. The adduction brings the limb or hand to or through the midline of the body, or join the fingers of the hands or feet. Abduction vs Adduction . Biomechanical Physiology. Shoulder abduction is a movement of the arm away from the body and should not be confused with shoulder adduction, which involves movement toward the center of the body. Abduction and adduction are movements of the extremities in the plane of coronal movement (medial-lateral). The body movements are accomplished basically by the contraction of muscles. Shoulder joint undergoes abduction Shoulder girdle undergoes upward rotation and elevation-70 degrees of shoulder joint abduction-20 degrees of shoulder girdle upward rotation & elevation Volunteers were imaged in an unloaded ABER position with the arm at 90° abduction and in a loaded ABER position, with a 1-kg load that produced an average external rotation of 111° ± 6 (standard deviation). It is essential for these normal relationships to be defined as a basis for understanding pathology. The passive maximal shoulder extension (SE), flexion (SF), horizontal abduction (SHAB), abduction (SAB), horizontal adduction (SHADD), external (SER), and internal (SIR) rotation ROMs of the dominant and non-dominant upper extremity were assessed following the methodology previously described (Cejudo et al., 2015; Figure 1). Adduction is tested less often (most researchers use adduction from abduction or horizontal abduction / adduction), however anything from 0-40 degrees can be used. It is not possible to know precisely if anti-cancer treatment such as radiation and chemotherapy had any effect on the unaffected arm. shoulder abduction & adduction active range of motion (AROM), movement instability such as shoulder protraction during all or certain parts of shoulder movement, and/or a/symmetry analysis - the clinician can choose to compare the affected relative to the contralateral shoulder. Deficits after breast cancer treatment have been examined by comparing the surgically affected upper extremity to the unaffected extremity. Abduction is moving a body part away from the midline. Shoulder adduction If you hug yourself, your shoulders are adducting. During shoulder abduction, the middle deltoid and supraspinatus muscles of the shoulder operate to lift the arm away from the side of the body. Frozen Shoulder, or Adhesive Capsulitis, is characterized by painful and limited active and passive range of motion (ROM) > 25% at the glenohumeral joint in at least two directions; most often abduction and external rotation [1]. Since most muscles are attached to bones, muscle can move parts of the skeleton relatively to each other. Lock in shoulder extension in mid-range and exercise the elbow extension with pronation. Some testers will test the first 60-90 degrees of abduction with one axis then the remaining motion (which could be described as elevation anyway) with a different axis. One abduction-based exercise you probably already into your strength workouts: lateral shoulder raises (see below! Won-Gyu Yoo Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University and Elderly Life Redesign Institute. Over this series, primary movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation have been discussed. To treat a shoulder abduction or internal rotation somatic dysfunction with post-isometric muscle energy, the physician lifts the patient’s elbow against isometric resistance. Comparison of the sports groups among themselves show only slight differences without statistically significant differences in means ( P > 0.05) ( Fig. Abduction is the motion of a structure away from the midline while adduction refer to motion towards the center of the body. To treat a shoulder adduction somatic dysfunction with post-isometric muscle energy, the patient should adduct the shoulder against isometric resistance. SHOULDER JOINT • Glenohumeral joint • Articulation surface – between head of humerus and glenoid fossa of scapula • Ball and socket joint – allows 3 degrees of freedom • Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation, horizontal adduction/horizontal abduction 2 3. In humans, all these movements are classified according to their moving directions while assuming the body is in anatomical position. Motions of the shoulder such as extreme adduction or abduction can lead to increased pressures to the head of the humerus, which may lead to vascular congestion resulting in decreased blood supply to the structures. Comparison of Shoulder Muscles Activation for Shoulder Abduction between Forward Shoulder Posture and Asymptomatic Persons. They are characterised by pain in the shoulder when lifting the arm out from the side of the body (abduction), causing restriction of movement. Katrak et al 8 reported that initial shoulder abduction, measured an average of 11 days after stroke, is an early predictor of good hand function at 1 and 2 months after stroke. The scapula sits against the thorax (T) during the first phase of shoulder abduction and flexion to provide initial stability as the humerus (H) abducts and flexes to 30°. If you stand straight up and move your arm out and away from your body it is considered Abduction). These terms come from Latin words with similar meanings, ab-being the Latin prefix indicating "away," ad-indicating "toward," and ducere meaning "to draw or pull". Abduction and adduction are anatomical terms given to the type of motion being conducted by body parts. Moving the limb or hand laterally away from the body, or extending the fingers of the hands or feet, is an abduction. Points to Remember. Deltoid Abduction of the shoulder (moving the arm outwards and away from the body) Outward arm action in a jumping jack Pectoralis major Adduction of the shoulder … Comparison of Shoulder Muscles Activation for Shoulder Abduction between Forward Shoulder Posture and Asymptomatic Persons Won-gyu yoo1) 1) Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University and Elderly Life Redesign Institute: 607 Obangdong, Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do 621-749, Republic of Korea. A normal range of movement for shoulder adduction is 30 to 50 degrees depending on flexibility and body composition. Abduction Vs. Adduction: The Differences You Didn’t Know. Shoulder Abduction and Adduction Shoulder abduction and adduction is a movement that we commonly use in the seated position ( Fig. 7.7) Eight male volunteers with no history of shoulder pain or pathology were imaged in a 0.5-T open MR imager. b. The purpose of this study was to compare ROM, strength, and shoulder function between breast cancer survivors and … However, previous studies have failed to examine the sophisticated interrelationship between all muscles. (Ex. Thus, there is a 'painful arc of abduction' when lifting the arm between ~60º and 120º; once raised beyond this point, there is little pain in conditions related to the rotator cuff or subacromial bursa. MRI and ultrasound examinations of the shoulder are frequently performed in clinical practice. 69 Normal flexion and extension values for dogs and cats are 57 degrees (flexion) and 165 degrees (extension), and 32 degrees (flexion) and 164 degrees (extension), respectively. This movement pattern attempts to isolate the shoulder abductors (deltoid, supraspinatus) and the adductors … The shoulder relies heavily on coordinated muscle activity for normal function owing to its limited osseous constraint. The strength and activity of the PM and SA decreased significantly (both p < 0.01) during maximal scapular protraction combined with horizontal shoulder abduction, compared with maximal scapular protraction alone, but increased significantly (both p < 0.01) when maximal scapular protraction was combined with horizontal shoulder adduction. This should be taken into consideration if a patient must spend a long period of time in a fixed position. Adduction, again, refers to the movement of the upper arm toward the midline of the body, in this case referring to when your arm is out to the side. Reciprocal strength relations of shoulder abduction/adduction (means, SD) in untrained subjects, athletes, and paraplegics with different training status. 54-10 ). Transverse adduction of the arm at the shoulder Transverse abduction of the arm at the shoulder Our results validate the value of assessing shoulder abduction and finger extension as early favorable indicators for some return of dexterity at 6 months after stroke. Shoulder Extension: Definition: Straightening the shoulder joint by moving the upper arm posteriorly (to the back). The supraspinatus is one of the rotator cuff muscles; it is positioned at the supraspinous fossa and under the trapezius and it abducts the shoulder joints to rotate externally 1, 2).The rotator cuff muscles are highly important for dynamic stability of the shoulders, but it is the supraspinatus that plays an important role in dynamic stability during shoulder abduction. Normal ROM: 0 degrees Patient Position: Seated Axis: Anterior acromion process Fixed Arm:Aligned with midline of body Movable Arm: Along shaft of humerus Special Instructions: Patient must keep arm straight.Motion is blocked by body, not a very effective test in most scenarios INTRODUCTION. Bodytomy explains the difference between these two terms.