Several challenges are being raised from the adoption of this computational paradigm including security, privacy, and federation. ), SMI/. In addition, we develop from the requirement the basic, principles that we believe are the cornerstone of future cloud computing, offerings. Following these steps, the tenant is up, running, typically using a trial version. With respect to these objectives, the document proposes the high-level architecture of the SUNFISH platform: the software architecture that permits realising a FaaS federation. These trends have resulted in the need for a variety of new computing architectures that will be offered by future cloud infrastructure. The need for federation-capable cloud computing offerings is, also derived from the industry trend of adopting the cloud computing paradigm, extend these clouds with resources leased on-demand from, Any federation of cloud computing providers should allow virtual application, to be deployed across federated sites. Virtualizing the network has traditionally been considered a challenge best met by such network-centric measures as VLANs, implemented by switches. The Reservoir project is motivated by the vision of implementing an architecture that would enable providers of cloud infrastructure to dynamically partner with each other to create a seemingly infinite pool of IT resources while fully preserving their individual autonomy in making technological and business management decisions. The RESERVOIR architecture [3], shown in Figure 15.4, identifies the, major functional components needed within an IP to fully support the cloud, computing paradigm. collaborate by sharing their resources while keeping thick walls in between them; that is, each is an independent autonomous entity. This will, satisfy the opportunistic placement requirement. We address this challenge in this thesis throughout our five contributions. The Reservoir project is motivated by the vision of implementing an architecture that would enable providers of cloud infrastructure to dynamically partner with each other to create a seemingly infinite pool of IT resources while fully preserving their individual autonomy in making technological and business management decisions. The feature most notably missing is hot migration, and the monitor-, ing system also does not disclose VEE substate metadata information. application might have from a cloud computing provider. Protocols like NFS, SAMBA, and CIFS are not secure. Overall, this stifles. tionality that affects the most what is demanded from VEEH in this scenario. Requests are handled by the SAP Web dispatcher. VMI interfaces, and VHI internal interface. No Built-In Business Service Management Support. PDF | On Mar 22, 2017, prathap R and others published A STUDY OF SECURITY CHALLENGES IN FEDERATED CLOUD COMPUTING | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate VEEM layer. © 2017 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers. We discuss these issues within the context of the RESERVOIR Service Cloud computing project. Challenges in Hybrid and Federated Cloud Computing 2/30 systems and to derive from them general requirements that such, AN ARCHITECTURE FOR FEDERATED CLOUD COMPUTING. migrating a VEE, creating a virtual network and storage pool, etc.). Cloud computing addresses the use of scalable and often virtualized resources. express the virtual network characteristics in a VEEM-to-VEEM connection. First of all, just in the case of the power grid, interoperability between cloud, providers and standardization are a fundamental need. databases and communicate asynchronously by message with each other. This situation is further aggravated by … PDF | This paper discusses the security of data in cloud computing. 2 / 19 This IEEE Cloud Computing tutorial has been developed by Cloud Strategy Partners, LLC. RESERVOIR enhances the standard VM migration capability, typically available in every modern hypervisor with support for environments, in which the source and the destination hosts do not share storage; typic. effectiveness, they also ensure optimized use of system and network resources, reduced carbon footprints, and simplify management of their underlying, resources. More, than ever before, cloud computing offers challenges with regard to the, articulation of a meaningful language that will help encompass busines, requirements and that has translatable and customizable service parameters, Probably the most critical issue to address before cloud computing can become, the preferred computing paradigm is that of establishing trust. However, SPs do not own these resources; them with a seemingly infinite pool of computational, netwo, to achieve a common goal. Cloud computing has revolutionized the IT world by its benefits. Third, practical cloud-based systems related to contents sharing are reported and their characteristics are discussed. Information regarding deployed VEEs, will be primarily via the monitoring system, whereas some information may, also potentially be exposed via the VMI as response to a VEE deployme, The last identified feature useful to define scenario is the, subset of the VMI operations may be made available. The components can be arranged in a variety of configurations, from a minimal, configuration where all components run on a single machine, to large, where there are several DIs, each running on a separate machine, and a, separate machine with the CI and the DBMS (see Figure 15.3), Consider a data center that consolidates the operation of different types of SAP, applications and all their respective environments (e.g., test, production) using, virtualization technology. Last, but not least, the need to build trust is essential and probably. The ability to migrate machines across sites defines the, migration, the VEE is suspended and experiences a certain amount of down-, time while it is being transferred. The baseline federation should be possible to build on top of most, public cloud offerings, which is important for interoperability. VHI API to achieve live migration across administrative domains. The new tenant runs through a series, of configuration questions and uploads master data items (e.g., product, catalog and customer lists). The pricing information included in, the FA is used by the SM to calculate the cost of resources running in remote, systems (based on the aggregated usage information that it received from the, local VEEM) and correlate this information with the charges issued by those, remote sites. Model for federated cloud computing: (a) Different cloud providers collaborate by sharing their resources while keeping thick walls in between them; that is, each is an independent autonomous entity. More specifically, the document describes all the components forming the platform, the offered functionalities and their high-level interactions underlying the main FaaS functionalities. We then propose a method for plugging the network-related leaks by ensuring that the virtual network traffic is encapsulated inside a host envelope prior to transmission across the underlying physical network. If framework agreements are not supported, this implies. The firewall located next to the router increa, worthiness. An SAP system is a typical three-tier system (see Figure 15.2) as follows: dialog instances (DIs) and a single central instance (CI) that performs, central services such as application-level locking, messaging, and registra, tion of DIs. In order to overcome the performance hit related to traffic encapsulation, we analyze the unique case of virtual machine traffic encapsulation, exploring the problems arising from dual networking stacks --- the guest's and the host's. We focus on cloud computing and cloud robotic technologies [2], which can enhance robotic systems by fa-cilitating the process of sharing trajectories, control policies and outcomes of collective robot learning. This scenario offers, computing federation with support for site collaboration in terms of frame-, work agreements without particularly high technological, underlying architecture in terms of networking support. Abstract—Cloud Computing is becoming one of the most important topics in the IT world. Frame-, work agreements are negotiated and defined by individuals, but they, encoded at the end in the service manager (SM)—in particular, within the, business information data base (BIDB). Federated identity management, though, does not leverage these abstractions; each user must set up her identity management solution. Threats of large-scale cross-border virtualizatio. help, this work would not have been possible. enterprise-grade federated cloud computing. endobj Just as we can power a variety of devices, ranging from a simple light bulb to complex machinery, by plugging them into the wall, today we can satisfy, by To address the, The Anatomy of Cloud InfrastructuresDistributed Management of Virtual InfrastructuresScheduling Techniques for Advance Reservation of CapacityCapacity Management to meet SLA CommitmentsConclusions and Future WorkAcknowledgmentsReferences, Cloud computing is increasingly gaining inroads among a variety of organizational users. The Reservoir model and architecture for open federated cloud computing (1) The offered, virtual network service is fully isolated, (2) it enables sharing of hosts, network, devices, and physical connections, and (3) hides network related. All figure content in this area was uploaded by David Breitgand, All content in this area was uploaded by David Breitgand on May 07, 2020, BREITGAND, DAVID HADAS, MASSIMO VILLARI, PHILIPPE, MASSONET, ELIEZER LEVY, ALEX GALIS, IGNACI, Utility computing, a concept envisioned back in the, reality. <> Crossref Mauricio Paletta, A Scouting-Based Multi-Agent System Model to Deal with Service Collaboration in Cloud Computing, Systems and Software Development, Modeling, and Analysis, 10.4018/978-1-4666-6098-4.ch010, (282 … Furthermore, VMI’s suppo, VEEM-to-VEEM communication simplifies cloud federation by limiting the, horizontal interoperability to one layer of the stack. RESERVOIR site pretends to be someone else). Interoperability can be categorized into provider-centric and client-centric scenarios. Current, cloud computing solutions are not designed to support the BSM practices, that are well established in the daily management of the enterprise IT, departments. Users, must be ensured that their resources cannot be accessed by others sharing the, same cloud and that adequate performance isolation is in place to ensure that, no other user may possess the power to directly effect the service granted to, One of the main advantages of cloud computing is the capability to provide, or, release, resources on-demand. supporting opportunistic placement of VEEs at a remote site. Edge computing vs. cloud computing is not an either-or debate, nor are they direct competitors. We refer, to the virtualized computational resources, alongside the virtualization layer, and all the management enablement components, as the, With these concepts in mind, we can proceed to define a reference, architecture for federated cloud computing. For example, IP addresses used across the host's physical network, are exposed to guest virtual machines. themselves, are essential for the success of any cloud computing offering. The VEEM is, free to place and move VEEs anywhere, even on the remote sites (subject, to overall cross-site agreements), as long as the placement satisfies the, constraints. Similarly, interconnected Clouds, also called Inter-Cloud, can be viewed as a natural evolution of Cloud computing. Ignacio M. Llorente Project Director . First, we define a new architecture for the implementation of Fault Tolerance in Cloud Computing. Using a number of simple optimizations, we show how an unmodified guest under the KVM hypervisor can reach throughput of 5.5Gbps for TCP and 6.6Gbps for UDP for encapsulated traffic, compared to 280Mbps and 510Mbps respectively when using the default guest and host networking stacks. The, support. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S>> to load and execute all the VEEs. As customers consume managed services offered by the cloud platform, they generate a gold mine of additional data for cloud providers. The main goals of these threats are to gain, and to impersonate another entity on the network. RESER-, VOIR’s work on business orientation management is left for future publica, We would like to thank the following people Irit Loy and Shimon Agassi from, IBM, Juan Caceres and Luis Vaquero from Telefo, from UCL, and Erik Elmroth and Johan Tordsson from Umea. (c) Cloud providers differentiate from each in terms of cost and trust level; for example, while a public cloud maybe cheap, companies will be reluctant to put in there sensitive services. Ideally, these virtual networks will span across sites. The document defines the functionalities of FaaS, its governance and precise objectives. Federation, in its most basic form, is a group of services that agree to respect each other’s statement of trust. It receives Service Manifests, negotiates pricing, and handles, billing. virtual resources at different providers. It is possible for, each RESERVOIR site to select its own security framework; howeve, case of communication between SM and SP (SMI), the RESERVOIR cloud, has to use a common security framework shared with many different partners. We end with a review of our experience in this area by showing a use-case application executing on RESERVOIR, which is responsible for the computational prediction of organic crystal structures. Dynamic pricing of computing resources in the cloud is now widely acceptable by its users. Only recently have they begun to address the requirements of enterprise solutions, such as support for infrastructure service-level agreements. All the. Service Manager), VEEM is responsible for the federation of remote sites. The VEE Host Interface, (VHI) will support plugging-in of new virtualization platforms (e.g., hypervi-, sors), without requiring VEEM recompilation or restart. actual usage during the active time interval. However, contemporary cloud-computing offerings are primarily targeted for Web 2.0-style applications. Using these features as a, base, a number of federation scenarios are defined, comprised of subsets of this, The first feature to consider is the framework agreement suppo, work agreements, as defined in the previous section, may either be supported by, the architecture or not. Furthermore, it categorizes and identifies possible Cloud interoperability scenarios and architectures. disk(s) of the migrated VM resided in the shared storage. In a federated cloud environment, there is one or more number of cloud service providers who share their servers to service the user request. Creation of federated Cloud computing environment facilitates on-time, efficient and flexible provisioning of services, helps the CSP to achieve QoS parameters even if number of users and their demand for services are changing dynamically. In this paper, we firstly discuss the changing cloud infrastructure and consider the use of infrastructure from multiple providers and the benefit of decentralising computing away from data centers. ment restrictions have to be checked not only at service deployment time but, also for migration. Among these, we focus on Fault Tolerance and more particularly on the Checkpointing technique, which is relatively under-researched in the context of Cloud Computing. The provisioning of the resources. knowledge. ensuring the integrity of the cloud services. Researchers, developers, and companies have made efforts to develop mobile, Web, desktop, and enterprise e-health applications raising the importance of interoperability and data exchange between e-health applications and Health Information Systems (HIS). SLA compliance by throttling a service application’s capacity. Site configuration, topology, and so on, are not. These are known today as Electronic Health Records (EHR) or Electronic Medical Records (EMR). The, Taking into account the different types of federation, a summary of the features, needed in the different layers of the RESERVOIR architecture to achieve, scenario, but even here the SM must be allowed to specify placement, restrictions when a service is deployed. To address the challenges and deficiencies in the current state of the art, we propose a modular, extensible cloud architecture with intrinsic support for business service management and the federation of clouds. To support federation, the originating data center. Nevertheless, there are still many challenges which have not been fully addressed in the Cloud. Clearly the, behavior and limits of automatic growth and shrinking should be driven by, contracts and rules agreed on between cloud computing providers and, The ability of users to grow their applications when facing an increase of, real-life demand need to be complemented by the ability to scale. This document is the main high-level architecture specification of the SUNFISH cloud federation solution. To this end, Reservoir could leverage and extend the advantages of virtualization and embed autonomous management in the infrastructure. The Service Management Interface (SMI) with its service manifest, exposes a standardized interface into the RESERVOIR cloud for service, providers. Model for federated cloud computing: (a) Different cloud providers collaborate by sharing their resources while keeping thick walls in between them; that is, each is an independent autonomous entity. Abstract—Cloud computing environments may offer different levels of abstraction to its users. Technical Report, University of California, Berkeley, 2009. www.egi.euEGI-InSPIRE RI-261323 Federated Cloud solution The Federated Cloud Solution is providing access to digital resources on a flexible environment, using common standards to support data- and computing intensive experiments: • a set of independent cloud services presented coherently as a single system using common standards. FaaS is the new and innovative cloud federation service proposed by the SUNFISH project. The SM should be able to include as part of the VEE metadata a, “price hint vector” consisting on a sequence of numbers, each one representing. Fig. 4.1 Architecture Description (SPs). While cloud computing holds a lot of promise for enterprise computing. Cloud, computing services as offered by a federation of infrastructure providers is, expected to offer any user application of any size the ability to quickly scale up, its application by unrestricted magnitude and approach Internet scale. an estimation of the relative cost of deploying the VEE on each federated site. providers of cloud computing to allow virtual applications to freely migrate, All cloud computing providers, regardless of how big they are, have a finite, capacity. The hypervisor (VEEH) uses the network, storage, CPU, and ram (host). <> ments are not supported by the architecture, or if there is not enough spare, capacity even including the framework agreements, a site may choose to, perform opportunistic placement. basic control and monitoring of VEEs and their resources (e.g., creating a. VEE, allocating additional resources to a VEE, monitoring a VEE. The hypervisor security mechanisms need to be used to provide the isolation. Furthermore, virtual applications need to, be completely location free and allowed to migrate in part or as a whole between, sites. The chapter also includes details on the way in which services and service providers are clearly defined in this particular system. along the way there are many challenges that the industry needs to deal with. As cloud computing becomes more predominant, the problem of scalability has become critical for cloud computing providers. After that, we propose and evaluate a multi-zones Checkpointing approach where each application can have more than one snapshot. At the, same time, user applications should be allowed to scale down facing decreasing, demand. Execution of scientific workflows on federated multi-cloud infrastructures Daniele Lezzi1, Francesc Lordan1, Roger Rafanell1, and Rosa M. Badia1,2 1 Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputaci´on (BSC-CNS) {daniele.lezzi, francesc.lordan, roger.rafanell, rosa.m.badia}@bsc.es, Most modern operating systems have support, for being suspended, which includes saving all RAM contents to disk and later, restoring the runtime state to its prior state. At the same time, the Reservoir approach aims to achieve a very ambitious goal: creating a foundation for next-generation enterprise-grade cloud computing. competition and locks consumers to a single vendor. In this work, from the identified limitations of current cloud market and case study on existing model for reverse auction in cloud, one can observe that coalition of small cloud providers with common interoperability standard in reverse auction is a feasible solution to encourage cloud market for adapting reverse auction-based resource allocation. So then, resources must be highly customizable. The EU based EGI Federated Cloud is © 2008-2020 ResearchGate GmbH. Just as in the early days of the, power grid, nobody could have imagined fully automated robotic production, plants, or the high-definition TVs in our houses, today we can’t really, what will happen once the computing utility dream becomes a reality. Without such a threat model, security, designers risk wasting time and effort implementing safeguards that do not, Or, just as dangerously, they run the risk of concentrating their securi, measures on one threat while leaving the underlying architecture dangerously, exposed to others. (c) Cloud providers differentiate from. The database's "meta-data budget" is divided between application-specific conventional tables and a large fixed set of generic structures called Chunk Tables. ), network storage (NAS, databases, through the SMI and VEEM interfaces, since they fall into the same cases of, external threats. For these, move their computing into the cloud, they need warranties from the cloud, computing provider that their stuff is completely isolated from others. They specify a set of constraints that must be held when, the VEE is created, so they can be seen as some kind of “contour conditions”, that determine the domain that can be used by the placement algorithm run at. Finally, in the last contribution, we present two new fully transparent and communication-aware Checkpointing approaches. Businesses around the world are therefore giving enormous attention, to virtualized SOI technology nowadays [4]. But just in case you missed them, or this is the first paragraph about the cloud you’ve ever read, here’s a quick breakdown: You don’t have to buy lots of hardware. First, basic technology concepts supporting cloud-based systems from a client-server to cloud computing as well as their relationships and functional linkages are shown. It is possible to split the site in two different, are: Service Manager (SM), VEEM (in bridge configuration between co, and execution zone), network components (router, switch, cable, etc. The Virtual Execution Environment Manager (VEEM), The Virtual Execution Environment Host (VEEH), . The monitoring, framework is agnostic to type and source of data being monit, No further functionality is required for the. distributed DoS), flooding, buffer overflow, p2p-attacks, instead there are: VEEH, VEEM (in-bridge config-, can be considered a trusted area. To better explain the role of each component, it can be useful to evaluate chronologically all the phases necessary to execute a, virtual execution environment (VEEH); once all the requirements from the, VEEM are received, it downloads the VM image from the SP, stores the image, into the NAS, performs the setup configuration, and executes the VM. on-demand, capacity from other providers (see Figure 15.1). The rationale behind this particular layering is to keep a, clear separation of concerns and responsibilities and to hide low-level infra-, structure details and decisions from high-level management and service, with SPs. Cloud Federation Tobias Kurze , Markus Klems y, David Bermbach , Alexander Lenkz, Stefan Taiyand Marcel Kunze Steinbuch Centre for Computing (SCC) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany To this end, Reservoir could leverage and extend the advantages of virtualization and embed autonomous management in the infrastructure. We conclude by discussing on future directions and trends towards the holistic approach in this regard. Not only have more providers and service offerings crowded the space, but also cloud infrastructure that was traditionally limited to single provider data centers is now evolving. Cloud computing [1], in all its different forms, gaining momentum as an alternative to traditional IT, and the reason, are clear: In principle, it allows individuals and companies to fulfill all their IT, needs with minimal investment and controlled expenses (both capital and, Cloud computing enables companies and individuals to lease resources on-, demand from a virtually unlimited pool. In order to overcome this apparent, contradiction, RESERVOIR introduces a novel federated migration channel to, transfer a VEE from one host to another host without directly addressing the, destination host. be simultaneously reduced compared to cloud-based Federated Learning. The cloud computing paradigm is popular due to its pay-as-you-go model. The architecture is centered on proactive defense. To get good consolidation, certain ta- bles must be shared among tenants and certain tables must be mapped into fixed generic structures such as Universal and Pivot Tables, which can degrade performance. The emerging cloud-computing paradigm is rapidly gaining momentum as an alternative to traditional IT (information technology). As clouds are introduced for use by enterprises, service providers, and governmental and educational entities, new challenges related to the interconnection between such clouds emerge. This way, a, business can optimize its IT investment and improve availability and. However, currently VM migration between hosts require that the source, destination hypervisors know each other’s addresses and transfer a VM directly, from the source host to the destination host. Each RESERVOIR site has a logical representation with three different layers, but these layers can be compounded by one or more hardware compo, Figure 15.5 gives an overview of these entities and relative mapping with a, simplified view of the hardware.