This chord type consists of four notes. It is also called a minor major seventh chord. Diminished chords are triads as well, and consist of three notes, the root, flat third, and flat fifth of the scale. How is a major ninth chord formed? It is written like this: 11+ or 7 aug 11. Be sure to check out our free piano lessons and piano keys layout as well, if you’re new to the piano or keyboard. Seventh Flat Fifth Piano Chords – (7th ♭5th chords, Dominant Seventh Flat Five Chord). A seventh flat nine chord is formed by combining the root, third, fifth, flat seventh, and flat ninth of the major scale. Am seems to be more common. For instance an E major ninth chord is written EMa9. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. How do you build a thirteenth chord? Seventh Sharp Fifth Piano Chords – (7th ♯5th chords, Augmented 7th chords). For instance a G thirteenth chord is written G13. For instance B diminished can be written as Bdim or B°. It is really a major chord with an added 7th note. You no longer need to memorize the structure of each piano chord. * Add to loved tracklist & many more. (root, 3rd, ♯5th) The symbol for an augmented chord is + or aug. For instance C augmented can be written as C+ or Caug. All you need to know is the formula associated with each type of chords. 1. How is an 11th chord written? Let’s take a look at all 12 minor 6th chords and the notes which form them. Highly Recommended: Click here for the BEST piano/keyboard course I’ve come across online. (root, ♭3rd, ♭5th) A diminished chord is … Here are the 12 major 7th flat 3rd chords (minor major seventh chords). Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. For example C seventh flat ninth is written C7-9 or C7♭9. This chord is written as 13♭9. Next in our free piano chords lesson, we take a look at diminished chords and the notes which form them. Its symbol is dom. Let’s take a look at 12 diminished triad chords and the notes which form them. If you play along with the audio track, you’ll notice that it plays both the chords and the melody. Let’s continue our free piano chords lesson. It’s formed by combining the root, 3rd, 5th, maj. 7th and 9th of the major scale. A major chord is perhaps the simplest chord. Play Down Is The New Up Tabs using simple video lessons Browse our 6 arrangements of "Up Is Down." We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. For more advanced chords, such as 9th, 11th and 13th chords, check out the main piano chords section. Welcome to our Free Piano Chords section where you learn how to build all kinds of chords in all keys. Here are all twelve eleventh chords. My newly released course will help you with your chords. Let’s learn how to form a ninth flatted fifth chord. Learn to play guitar by chord / tabs using chord diagrams, transpose the key, watch video lessons and much more. (root, ♭3rd, ♭5th) A diminished chord is represented by the symbols dim or °. 416,479 views, added to favorites 8,694 times. To learn more about chords, check out my course, Piano Chords: How To Form Basic Chords On Piano … Let’s learn how to form 9th flatted 5th chords. Let’s learn how to build ninth chords in all 12 keys. In the case of a minor triad, a flat third is played. Here are all thirteenth flat nine flat five chords and the notes which form them. The 2nd scale degree will be the 9th tone as you start your second octave. A 9/6 chord is formed by combining 5 notes, the root, 3rd, 5th, 6th and 9th notes of the major scale. 4. Imagine you could just sit down at the piano and freely play songs without having to practice for years. }; If you’re new to the piano and have a hard time playing all three notes of a major or minor chord, you can choose to play either just the root and the third, or just the root and the fifth. “Down by the Station”: This song lets you play a few major chords with your left hand. When you’re just starting out, it’s a good idea to start with only the piano chords until you get a feel for how to play them by sight. My newly released course will help you with your chords. Major 7th Flat Third Piano Chords – Minor Major Seventh Chords. Before forming chords you need to know your major scales. Sheet music arranged for Piano/Vocal/Chords, and Singer Pro in D Major (transposable). It consists of four notes, the root, ♭3rd, 5th and ♭7th of the scale. Learn how to build a major ninth chord below. [Intro] x2 Cm Bb Ab G / [Verse] Cm Bb Didn't even really wanna go Ab G But if you get me out, you get a show Cm Bb There's so many bodies on the floor Ab G So baby we should go and add some Next in our free piano chords lesson, we learn how to build an augmented eleventh chord. Its symbol is 9♯5. An augmented eleventh chord consists of the root, 3rd, 5th, flat 7th, 9th and sharp 11th of the major scale. We shall start with major chords, then move to minor, diminished, augmented, dominant seventh, minor seventh, major seventh, minor sixth, major sixth chords and so on. To form a 9th augmented 5th chord you combine the root, 3rd, ♯5th, ♭7th, and 9th of the major scale. For instance C major can be written “C Maj”. To unlock all these features and get total access to every worship leader and worship team resource, register your account. * Diagram Slider * Full chord sheet with auto scroll. Here are all augmented ninth chords and the notes which form them. Let’s take a look at all 12 major chords and the notes which form them. Strumming. To build a thirteenth chord you use the root, 3rd, 5th, flat 7th, 9th, 11th and 13th of the major scale. Here are all thirteenth flat ninth chords and the notes which form them. A Major 7th chord, for example Cmaj7, is a major chord plus a major third on top.The thirds are stacked like this: major, minor, major. /* TFP - E-chords - Below */ Min 7th chords are formed by combining the root, flat third, fifth and flat 7th of the major scale. ... - Dias de Luta Deep Purple - Lazy/new chords: ... auto scroll beats size up size down change color hide chords simplify chords drawings columns. (function() { How do you form a major chord on piano? adunit_id: 100000049, Edit. For instance, F thirteen flat nine flat five is written F13♭9 ♭5. For example C major 7th flat 3rd is written CMa 7-3. To form a seventh ♯5th chord, use the root, 3rd, ♯5th and ♭7th of the major scale. Amazon has a wide range of affordable keyboards and accessories. It really helps you nail the theory, the sound, and the tactile memory of each chord.. 5. Here are all 12 major seventh chords and their notes. Next in our free piano chords lesson, we take a look at diminished chords and the notes which form them. Let’s learn how to form augmented 11th chords in all keys. * Capo / Transpose * Choose between Flats, Sharps or Both. For instance D minor sixth is written Dmi 6 or D -6. It’s now time to take a look at all 12 augmented chords and their notes. You can play the left hand part by itself until you get comfortable with the shape of the chords in your hand. First, I suggests starting on a simple chord, like a C, and move up the scale every note at a time; you keep the same hand position, but move up one key at … This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. We now move on to seventh flat fifth chords. Its symbols are -7 or min7. A minor chord is formed by playing the root, flat 3rd and 5th of the scale. How do you form an eleventh chord? For example the chord C ninth flatted fifth is written C9♭5 or C9-5. It is written with the symbols mi 7-5, -7♭5 or m7(♭5). Dowen Is The New Up Tab by Radiohead. Then it moves up an interval of a second to E flat, D flat, and C. Trust me. This 2017 hit by Charlie Puth is one of the most played on YouTube. It is written 7-9 or 7♭9. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. The symbol used is mi 9 or -9. div_id: "cf_async_" + Math.floor((Math.random() * 999999999)) You combine the root, 3rd, 5th, flat 7th, 9th and 11th of the major scale. Here is a list of minor chords in all keys and the notes they are made up of. So C dominant seventh would be written as C dom.7 or C7. For instance, C augmented ninth is written C9+or C7+9. Chord playing is one of the greatest pleasures — and biggest advantages — of playing the piano. These chords are represented by the symbols 7-5 or 7♭5. The symbols used for this type of chord are M7 or maj 7. Am G And stop stalling, cuz I'm calling out: F C Get up, get up, get a move on! This website uses cookies to improve your experience. It is a three note chord consisting of the root, third and sharp fifth of the scale. Chords: Show diagrams in lyrics new Transpose Simplify Left handed Ukulele. Prerequisites (root, ♭3rd, ♭5th, ♭♭7th) For instance, the notes of a Cdim7 or C°7 chord are C E♭ G♭ A. Up chords by Olly Murs. 1 of 17. This chord is written as 9+ or 7+9. C minor seventh – C Eb G Bb To form a 9th flatted 5th chord you combine the root, 3rd, ♭5th, ♭7th, and 9th of the major scale. Down Is The New Up Tabs - Radiohead, version (1). We now take a look at eleventh and thirteenth chords. Whenever you’re learning new jazz piano chords, I suggest you take each voicing through all 12 keys. And now we move on to minor seventh chords. So, here are the chord symbols for the 13 gospel piano chords i teach in the video. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Its symbol is mi, -, or m. For instance, A minor can be written as Ami, A-, or Am. 1. Diminished chords are triads as well, and consist of three notes, the root, flat third, and flat fifth of the scale. Next in this free piano chords lesson we learn how to build a seventh suspended fourth chord. 3. Download Pdf. Feel free to use your own voicings for the piano chords listed above, but I’d highly recommend you try and grab several of the voicings I … 6add9 or 6add9. To form an augmented 9th chord you use the root, 3rd, 5th, ♭7th and ♯9th of the major scale. 2. 2. These cookies do not store any personal information. Learn chords for millions of songs and play along with your favourite instruments. When you actually start to learn music theoryand read music to play on the piano, you’ll notice that chords are mainly played with the left-hand while the right-hand plays the melody. Lastly we learn how to build a half diminished chord. D. 2. Here are the 12 seventh flat fifth chords. For instance C augmented eleventh is written C11+ or C 7 aug 11. A minor seventh chord is really a minor chord with an added ♭7th note. 1 of 27. Lil Wayne. Let’s learn how to form 9th augmented 5th chords. It is the same as a minor seventh flat five chord. “I use major chords in this video. Guitar Ukulele Piano new. SKU: MN0106385 Let’s take a look at all 12 minor chords and the notes which form them. The piano chords presented above are some of the more common ones. Next in our free piano chords section we take a look at minor chords. Doing this exercise a little bit every time you sit down at the piano with help a lot! The symbol for a thirteenth chord is 13. To get your piano to really sing out, you need flexibility in the wrist to increase your attack speed when you play chords. For example the chord C ninth augmented fifth is written C9♯5. 1 of 26. Let’s learn how to form a ninth augmented fifth chord. Let’s learn how to build a half diminished piano chord. fresh tabs top tabs lessons submit videos . A major seventh chord consists of four notes. * Get personalised track recommendations. Here are the notes which form thirteenth chords, in all keys. These chords are represented by the symbols 7+5 or 7♯5. song: "Dowen Is The New Up", Its symbol is 9♭5. 1. This chord is formed by combining the root, ♭3rd, ♭5th and ♭7th of the major scale. This chord is formed by combining the root, ♭3rd, ♭5th and ♭7th of the major scale. For instance the chord C ninth is written C9. The symbol used is the number 9. Luckily, I have a simple exercise to help with this. Four Basic Piano Chords to Quickly Learn New Songs. 7 or 7. Both parts repeat but in Verse 2 Thom plays the Chords on piano. Find one below. 2. We shall now learn how to form different kinds of ninth chords. This chord is written as 13♭9. For example, a C chord with the right hand would be played with the thumb on C, the middle finger on E and the little finger on G. We shall take things a little further and look at major sixth, minor sixth, seventh ♯5th, seventh ♭5th, major 7th ♭3rd, minor 7th ♭5th and seventh suspended 4th piano chords. Our free piano chords lesson now takes us to 7th sharp 5th chords. C sixth add nine is written C6add9 or C6add9. Chords are the foundation of all of those guitar riffs you love so much. They are three note chords consisting of the root, the third and the fifth of the scale. Read on to find out how it works. We will discuss major chord, minor chord, diminished chord and augmented chord in this lesson. This is an easy song to turn into a piano arrangement because the chord structure is so simple. * Simple & advanced version of chords. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Here are all 12 diminished seventh chords. Let’s learn how to build minor ninth chords in all 12 keys. artist: "Radiohead", Dominant Seventh Suspended Fourth Piano Chords. It sounds unbelievable, but with the help of this guide, you can do it in just a FEW DAYS! To form a 13th flat nine chord you use the root, 3rd, 5th, flat 7th, flat 9th, 11th and 13th of the major scale. Next in our free piano chords lesson, let’s learn about the dominant seventh chord. F C Get up, get up, get a move on! We shall learn how to build eleventh, augmented eleventh, thirteenth, thirteenth ♭9, and thirteenth ♭9♭5 chords. It consists of three notes, the root, 3rd and 5th. In most sheet music books, C dim or C° denotes a diminished 7th chord. For example C half diminished is written Cø. Looking for a piano chord chart with pictures of the piano keyboard? Next, in our free piano chords lesson we learn how to build a 9/6 chord or a six add nine chord. })(). The following video lesson shows you how to build or construct a piano chord using a few formulas. How is it written? Let’s learn how to build seventh flat nine chords in all 12 keys. Next, in our free piano chords lesson we learn how to build a thirteenth flat ninth flat fifth chord. Learn how to form ninth, minor ninth, major ninth, ninth augmented 5th, ninth flatted 5th, seventh ♭9, augmented 9th and 9/6 piano chords. Last updated on 01.05.2015 3. Diminished Piano Chords. Down Is The New Up Guitar Tab by Radiohead learn how to play chords diagrams. This chord consists of four notes, the root, flat third, flat fifth and double flat seventh of the scale. Later on we move to more advanced ninth, eleventh and thirteenth chords. Down Is The New Up tab by Radiohead with chords drawings, easy version, 12 key variations and much more. Its symbol is M6 or 6. Learn to play guitar by chord / tabs using chord diagrams, transpose the key, watch video lessons and much more. Find your perfect arrangement and access a variety of transpositions so you can print and play instantly, anywhere. C7, E7, F7, F#dim7, C/G, E7/G#, D7(#11,9), G7b13, C7, Fm7, C6, G7altered, C7. Krissy And Ericka – Up Up Down Down chords . Click here to learn how to play piano and keyboards (with Piano For All). How is it written? The first three notes of the bass D flat, C, and B flat. 9th, 11th, and 13th) continue your scale up 2 octaves and keep numbering. document.write('
');var c=function(){cf.showAsyncAd(opts)};if(typeof window.cf !== 'undefined')c();else{cf_async=!0;var r=document.createElement("script"),s=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];r.async=!0;r.src="//srv.clickfuse.com/showads/showad.js";r.readyState?r.onreadystatechange=function(){if("loaded"==r.readyState||"complete"==r.readyState)r.onreadystatechange=null,c()}:r.onload=c;s.parentNode.insertBefore(r,s)}; Learn Chords – Minor Seventh and Dominant Seventh Chord Charts. For instance an F 7th suspended 4th chord is written F7sus4. C. 1. The symbol is the number 11. To form a 7th ♭5th chord, you use the root, 3rd, ♭5th and ♭7th degrees of the major scale. Go here: Piano Chords: How To Form Basic Chords On Piano And Keyboard, Minor Seventh and Dominant Seventh Chord Chart, Keyboard Chords – Maj, Min, Dim, Maj7, Dom7, Min7, Dim7, Major and Minor Primary Chords in all Keys, 11 Types of Chords That You Should Know and How to Form Them, Chord Inversions Explained – Chords In Their Root Position, First and Second Inversions, E♭ diminished seventh – E♭ G♭ B♭♭(A) D♭♭ C, A♭ diminished seventh – A♭ C♭ E♭♭(D) G♭♭(F), B♭ diminished seventh – B♭ D♭ F♭(E) A♭♭(G), C♯ seventh sharp five – C♯ E♯(F) G##(A) B, C♯ major seventh flat third – C♯ E G♯ B♯(C), F♯ major seventh flat third – F♯ A C♯ E♯(F), A♭ major seventh flat third – A♭ C♭(B) E♭ G, E♭ minor seventh flat five – E♭ G♭ B♭♭(A) D♭, F minor seventh flat five – F A♭ C♭(B) E♭, A♭ minor seventh flat five – A♭ C♭ E♭♭(D) G♭, B♭ minor seventh flat five – B♭ D♭ F♭(E) A♭, E♭ seventh suspended fourth – E♭ A♭ B♭ D♭, A♭ seventh suspended fourth – A♭ D♭ E♭ G♭, C♯ ninth augmented fifth – C♯ E♯(F) G♯♯(A) B D♯, E ninth augmented fifth – E G♯ B♯(C) D F♯, F♯ ninth augmented fifth – F♯ A♯ C♯♯(D) E G♯, B ninth augmented fifth – B D♯ F♯♯(G) A C♯, E♭ ninth flatted fifth – E♭ G B♭♭(A) D♭ F, A♭ ninth flatted fifth – A♭ C E♭♭(D) G♭ B♭, C♯ seventh sharp ninth – C♯ E♯(F) G♯ B D##(E), C♯ augmented eleventh – C♯ E♯(F) G♯ B D♯ F##(G), F♯ augmented eleventh – F♯ A♯ C♯ E G♯ B#(C), B augmented eleventh – B D♯ F♯ A C♯ E#(F), C thirteenth flat ninth – C E G B♭ D♭ F A, C♯ thirteenth flat ninth – C♯ E♯(F) G♯ B D F♯ A♯, D thirteenth flat ninth – D F♯ A C E♭ G B, E♭ thirteenth flat ninth – E♭ G B♭ D♭ F♭(E) A♭ C, E thirteenth flat ninth – E G♯ B D F A C♯, F thirteenth flat ninth – F A C E♭ G♭ B♭ D, F♯ thirteenth flat ninth – F♯ A♯ C♯ E G B D♯, A♭ thirteenth flat ninth – A♭ C E♭ G♭ B♭♭(A) D♭ F, A thirteenth flat ninth – A C♯ E G B♭ D F♯, B♭ thirteenth flat ninth – B♭ D F A♭ C♭(B) E♭ G, B thirteenth flat ninth – B D♯ F♯ A C E G♯, C thirteenth flat ninth flat fifth – C E G♭ B♭ D♭ F A, C♯ thirteenth flat ninth flat fifth – C♯ E♯(F) G B D F♯ A♯, D thirteenth flat ninth flat fifth – D F♯ A♭ C E♭ G B, E♭ thirteenth flat ninth flat fifth – E♭ G B♭♭(A) D♭ F♭(E) A♭ C, E thirteenth flat ninth flat fifth – E G♯ B♭ D F A C♯, F thirteenth flat ninth flat fifth – F A C♭(B) E♭ G♭ B♭ D, F♯ thirteenth flat ninth flat fifth – F♯ A♯ C E G B D♯, G thirteenth flat ninth flat fifth – G B D♭ F A♭ C E, A♭ thirteenth flat ninth flat fifth – A♭ C E♭♭(D) G♭ B♭♭(A) D♭ F, A thirteenth flat ninth flat fifth – A C♯ E♭ G B♭ D F♯, B♭ thirteenth flat ninth flat fifth – B♭ D F♭(E) A♭ C♭(B) E♭ G, B thirteenth flat ninth flat fifth – B D♯ F A C E G♯. It can also be represented as mi 7-5or -7♭5. Ma9. A “regular” 7th chord, also called a Dominant 7th chord, for example C7, is made from a major chord plus a minor third on top.That would make the thirds stacked like this (from the bottom and up): major third, minor third, minor third. Features: * Guitar, Piano, Ukulele, Mandolin Chords. The bass line and melody move sequentially with each other. To arrive at scale degrees above 1 octave (i.e. Since this chord is also called a minor major seventh chord it is also written as mM7, mΔ7, -Δ7, mM7, m/M7, m(M7), minmaj7, etc. To continue our free piano chords lesson, we now take a look at minor sixth chords. Go here: Piano Chords: How To Form Basic Chords On Piano And Keyboard. Some of the chords in these songs feature alternative chord voicings, but we’ll show you the basic versions to help you get started. In this article, we’ll show you how to play the simplified versions of chords you’ll find in popular piano songs. A major sixth chord has four notes, the root, 3rd, 5th and 6th of the scale. Then add the melody. Chord chart – Learn how to play major 7 chords. Learn how to form a major scale here. Members can listen to the audio, watch the video tutorials, create and edit setlists, save favorites, add songs, and view the full lyrics and chord charts for all 12,000+ worship songs. For instance G major seventh could be written GM7 of Gma7. For instance G seventh flat fifth is written G7-5 or G7♭5. Check out our Free Piano Chords Chart pages. Chords. Here are all twelve minor seventh chords and the notes which form them. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Sheet music is available for Piano, Piano/4 Hands, Treble Clef Instrument with 4 scorings and 2 notations in 4 genres. For instance, F thirteen flat nine is written F13♭9. Am G Get up, get up, ain't nothing wrong. For example C minor seventh flat five is written C mi 7-5, C -7♭5 or C m7(♭5). Next in this free piano chords lessons we take a look at the major 7th ♭3rd chord. An augmented chord is also a triad. For instance a C 7th sharp fifth would be written C7+5 or C7♯5. All rights reserved. Thirteenth Flat Ninth Flat Fifth Piano Chords. A ninth chord is formed by combining the root, 3rd, 5th, ♭7th and 9th of the major scale. The piano sounds the best when you make the most of its full harmonic potential. show chords YouTube Clip hide all tabs go to … The symbols used for a major 7th flat third chord is Ma 7-3. Next in our free piano chords lesson we learn how to form a 7th ♭9 chord. G. 3. It is written as 7 sus 4. 2 contributors total, last edit on Jun 18, 2018. This type of chord is formed by combining four notes, the root, ♭3rd, 5th and maj. 7th of the major scale. Author oliviasaillet [a] 61. Here are some guidelines for chords if the piano sheet music does not have fingering. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. When in the root position, triad chords (three notes) are most often formed with fingers 1-3-5. Guitar is an amazing instrument, not only because of all that it can do, but also because of how great it can sound when not doing much at all. As we continue our free piano chords lesson, we take a look at major seventh chords. A minor 6th chord is represented by the symbol mi 6 or -6. A 7th suspended 4th chord is formed by combining four notes, the root, 4th, 5th and ♭7th of the major scale. For instance C major sixth is written CM6 or C6. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. For instance the chord C minor ninth is written Cm9 or c-9. Register Your Account. These notes are the root, 3rd, 5th and ♭7th of the scale. Here are the 12 seventh sharp five chords. Here are the twelve minor 7th flat 5th chords. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. It is written with the symbol ø. F Cuz I believe you can be whatever, G And I agree you can do much better. Choose and determine which version of Down Is The New Up chords and Guitar tabs by Radiohead you can play. The scale degrees used to form a major seventh chord is the root, 3rd, 5th and maj. 7th of the scale. 1 of 18. Minor 7th Keyboard Chords. Now that you’ve got the root of the chord down, and can play it with your choice of rhythm, try stacking the other notes of the chord on top of it. A minor ninth chord is formed by combining the root, ♭3rd, 5th, ♭7th and 9th of the major scale. Memorization is a key factor in learning chords. Print and download Down sheet music by Jay Sean feat. For example C eleventh is written C11. To form a 13th flat nine flat five chord you use the root, 3rd, flat 5th, flat 7th, flat 9th, 11th and 13th of the major scale. Here, guitar teacher Kirk R. walks you through the basics of guitar chords and the importance of knowing how they’re constructed…. Free Chords Chart – augmented and diminished. Em. Check out my book: http://www.billspianopages.com/how-to-really EDIT: one chord I missed out was the minor ninth (-m9). The piano is the perfect place to learn how to build chords and modes. Let’s learn how to build an augmented ninth chord. Its symbol is “Maj”. Let’s learn how to build a thirteenth flat ninth piano chord. So D minor seventh would be written as D-7 or Dmin7. Let’s learn how to build all twelve 7th suspended 4th chords. Go here: Piano Chords: How To Form Basic Chords On Piano And Keyboard. Here’s a chart available that displays all of the possible piano chords: This may l… var opts = { © 2009-2020 Piano-Keyboard-Guide.com. Here’s a diagram of dominant seventh keyboard chords in all keys. To form a minor sixth chord, use the root, ♭3rd, 5th and 6th degrees of the scale. Here are the 12 dominant 7th chords and the notes which form them. [Instrumental] Em F C x4 C C [Chorus] F C Get up, get up, get a move on! Major and minor chords are called triads. [Intro] Am G D (x4) / [Verse 1] Am G D Am G D Bury Me Softly In This Womb Am G D Am G D I Give This Part Of Me For You Am G D Sand Rains Down And Here I Sit Am G D Holding Rare Flowers Am G In order to best learn these chords I also suggest you apply them to your favorite jazz standard or even a really common jazz chord progression like a II-V-I.