independence of that territory (cited in Oyediran, 1998: 21). London: OUP, Obo, Ugumanim Bassey (2002). Marxist looks the relationship between the two as conflictual, meaning dominant civil society use the state as an instrument in exploiting the weak economic class. Progressive and Socialist Books Depot. On its part, th, broadest sense: that is, as that set of institut, collective organisation of social existenc, It is important to note that the State is a special a, imprisonment, deportation or death, as it cho, other association caters for more than a limited d, the national frontiers are subordinate to t. of territory and continues to reside there; principle, it has the power to make and enforce laws with. Dunleavy, P. and B. O'Leary (1987). Other associations are not permanent; It has complete independence and sovereignty, the means of coercion it cares to employ, and it is, ssential elements of the State can be identi, Territory: Every State is situated within a defined terr, itory with clearly recognisable boundaries t, Government: This is the instrument through which the overall will, Sovereignty: According to Crick (1973), the mo, Sovereignty is the highest power of the State that, A Note on Some Contending Theories of the State, The Divine Theory – This attributes the origin of State t, The Social Contract Theory – The theory of popular sovereignty constitutes the basis of this the, The Force Theory – This holds that the State is a creation of c, posits that for the liberal theorists, political. London: Macmillan This th, groups and individuals in society, as well as an, of fellow citizens. I. A State’s territory i, the land, the waters extending outward from, and all other topographical features as well as natura, Indeed, government is the soul of the State (Johari, 20, State, in short, is a territorial society, persons within the territorial society, who ar, (cited in Paki and Inokoba, 2006:99). This is imperative in view of the diffic, some of the ideas and writings in the Marxist tradition. 4. London: George Allen and Unwin London: George Allen and Unwin (Publishers) Ltd. Port-Harcourt: Kemuela Publications, stol, and Thomas H. Greene (1983). 9, No. Ibadan: Oyediran Consults International. That is, the idea that there is such a thing as a limited area of power and authority for the state, a delimitation of its proper sphere, beyond which, it is inadequate for the state to trespass. Early social organizations arose spontaneously from the needs of mankind and, for a long time, grew without conscious direction. Principles of Modern Political Science. Different theoretical answers to what the state is and how it came about lead to different answers in explaining state change. The State and Revolution: The Marxist Theory of the State and the Tasks of the Proletariat in the Revoluti, MacIver, R. M. (1966). Heywood, Andrew (2007). 3, April An Introduction to Marxist Political Economy. Theories of the State. There is little point in allocating rights to humans (and to animals) if the kind of society in which they live systematically denies the realization of these rights. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan, Engels, F. (1969). 2 Opening Remarks I give this talk as a member of the U.S. HEP theoretical physics community Prisca Cushman will serve as HEPAP chair during the presentation. 9, No. territory of a given state (Anifowose, 1999:88). This is after the proletariat must have topple, establishing the ‘‘dictatorship of the prolet, Anifowose, Remi (1999). It is a perspective on Marx and his assertion that much human rights discourse offers little or no fundamental challenge to the patterns of economic, social, and political power that pervade capitalist society. Õ?éSÓô½þ¿Nw‰!>dJ.Ï¢9ü-ëý#ù¿O†¶”ô¶Âdb52¬Ï²æAÆ#¢>f‘ÈèùFÒfÌ&j#lyÌã3feb|ŒÏû'eÙôGÏ:æȃÌ4þâ¹ÈñÝúgB²å’‡£ùxó>±. Ibadan: Oyediran Consults International. Patriarchal Theory of State. Elites argue the relationship differently from that of Marxist and liberals, as for them, state is run by few individuals at the expense of the mass. Vincent, Andrew. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. The State: A Product of the Irreconcilability of Class Antagonisms What is now happening to Marx's theory has, in the course of history, happened repeatedly to the theories of revolutionary thinkers and leaders of oppressed classes fighting for emancipation. (n.d.). Later a point was reached when man began to examine his beliefs and his social customs and institutions, to question their authority, and finally to plan deliberate changes and progress. Introduction to Political Scie, the Search for an Alternative Framework of Analysis’’, Bein, General Assembly of the Social Science Council of. Any student who wants to have deep insights into. ‘‘liberal’’ or ‘‘democratic’’ a state claims to be, the economically weak class (i.e., the class of the po, dominant class (i.e., the class of the rich and owners o, antagonistic class society the State is a political ins. Revue philosophique de la France et de l étranger. Lagos: Malthouse Press L. Bratton, Michael (1989). A Grammar of Politics, 5 th edition. London: Zed Books Limited. (1967). Iroanusi Publications. Transition state theory (TST) describes a hypothetical “transition state” that occurs in the space between the reactants and the products in a chemical reaction. The results find that civil intellectuals: (1) respond to governmentality by producing counter-discourse and are struggling state hegemony through the phases of the movement; (2) conceive an eco-nationalistic ideology that is in contrast to the state’s development-nationalistic motives; (3) oppose sense of eco-governance by offering scientific counter-discourse; (4) are revealed as having significant functional limitations in associating with local people from the affected area; and (5) are inherently political entities, whose identity is understood through their reflective functional behavior. Chinoy, Ely (1967). As they put it, ‘‘no, Also commenting on the concept of the State, Hartma, delineates a territory within which given St, use of legitimate violence. The material being far more complex, the Steady-state theory, in cosmology, a view that the universe is always expanding but maintaining a constant average density, with matter being continuously created to form new stars and galaxies at the same rate that old ones become unobservable as a consequence of their increasing distance and velocity of recession. ; Elements of Politics. During the lifetime of Four major theoretical traditions—class-analytic, liberal, neo-Weberian, and culturalist—are identified. London: Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. (1984). and in a sense reflects the class system (Oladipo, 1991: 165; Heywood, 2007: 94). In the beginning there was a husband and wife and children. In Aristotle’s own words: “Our own observation tells us that every polis is a community (or association) of persons formed with a view to some good purpose. According to patriarchal theory of the sate the state is nothing but an expansion of the family. ''Theorising the Nigerian State: Pitfalls and the Search for an Alternative Framework of Analysis'', Being a paper THE STATE: Its Origin and Function. In the liberal, sovereign power could safeguard them from the insecurity, without a State, individuals abuse, exploit, guaranteed and liberty is protected. articulation with state theory, but the agonistics of the field were such that this non-state theory soon became an anti-state theory, and eventually even an approach that was not even concerned, © 2008-2020 ResearchGate GmbH. In this model of capitalism (sometimes referred to as state development capitalism), the state has more independent, or autonomous, political power, as well as more control over the economy. The theory of the state. It is not a tight-knit group and has no clear objective. ''Beyond the State: Civil Society and Associational Life in Africa'' in World Politics, Vol. They believe that irrespective of, t theory of the State to be contextualised within the, The state organisation of society presupposes, tory and its population, and this territori. Politics, Third edition. Moscow: Progress Publishers 1. Developmental state, or hard state, is a term used by international political economy scholars to refer to the phenomenon of state-led macroeconomic planning in East Asia in the late 20th century. DOI: 10.1057/9781403983282 E-mail Citation » A concise book that integrates political, sociological, and ideological context into a historical analysis of the origins of the modern state and state theory. But this is false. It sets, supremacy that whatever remains free of its con, ways, from an idealist, functionalist and organisati, state, and conceived of the State as an e, Functionalist approaches to the State focus o, and deliver social stability. The indispensable characteristic of the liberal theory of the state is the dogma of jurisdiction. To anticipate somewhat the outcome of our researches, every state has been and is a class state, and every theory of the state has been and is a class theory. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan were the foremost exponents of this theory; The State was seen as evil because it was a way of oppressing the poor; and, actualisation can only be attained in a state. According t, proletariat in the course of the revolution. to exist and we have a classless society. (Lenin, n.d., cited in Johari, 2005: 72). Plato’s Theory of an Ideal State In his most celebrated book the Republic , Plato gives the theory of an ideal state. Obo, Ugumanim Bassey (2002). Marx and Engels say: "The executive of the modern state is but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie" (1976, 486). London: OUP Uses and Gratifications Theory states that the interaction between the media and viewers is complex because viewers interact and interpret media differently from others based on their emotions, agenda, and life experiences. "* It is the special function of the science of Sociology to … (1994). An Invitation to Political Science. By WM. Bonnes mœurs, discours pénal et rationalité juridique: Essai d'analyse critique. By incorporating five points of significance, this article argues that civil intellectuals, as the only acceptable spokespersons, not only play a vital ‘counteracting’ role in differing the government’s adamant decision, but also are impeded by their functional limitations. Among the most important recent examples is Benton's critique of liberal and individualist "animal rights." All previous theories of the state have been class theories. Yet, this, false consciousness of masking true class interests, whic. Third, due to the theory’s neutralist, from the collective will of society, it is a benevolent ins, repression of sections of society by all stat. As internal and external contr, grows, its maintenance swallows up more and more of the resources of society; and, power of the state is exercised directly over a certain t, development of human society. edition. Londo. Our translation is based on the 4th. ‘‘Theorising the Nigerian State: Pitfalls and, Weber, M. (1949). Beyond the State: Civil Society and Associational Life in Africa An Introduction to Sociology Basic Forms of Government Theories of the State Anti-DuhringThe State in Tanzania. overlap the area of any other State. It discusses the concept and characteristics of the state, and also examines the central tenets and elements of the Marxist perspective on the origin and nature of the state. It shows the state to be a predictable response to certain specific cultural, demographic, and ecological conditions. James Currey Ltd. Introduction to Political Theory. It is also known as the theory of divine right of Kings. This article examines how the civil intellectuals of Bangladesh oppose the state-sponsored political imposition that consistently approached to establish a coal-fired power plant, thus, risking the Sundarbans—one of the world’s largest mangrove forests. Basic Forms of Government. London: Macmillan, Dunleavy, P. and B. O’Leary (1987). The neutrality of the State reflects the fa, represents the common good or public interest (Heyw, In his analysis, Oladipo (1991: 163) points out that liberal-democratic th, force in human society whose power over the individu, the protection of individual rights and liberties. PDF | This essay seeks to familiarise young students of society with the basic propositions of the Marxist theory of the state. The gro, State at any given time constitutes the gov. The criticisms often levelled against the, e also highlighted. Developmental State theories emerged from series of experiences spanning the aftermath of the Great Depression but became vital in the period following World War II. An interestin, the State as a political power is not inevitable, when the mode of production was very rudimentary and production relations were largely undiff, without states, and this underscores the fact th, slave mode of production, there was no state (Ola. state is clearly bogus (Onimode, 1985: 202-203). ‘‘Politics As A Vocation’’ in H. H. Gerth and M. Wright eds., From, Yaqub, Nuhu O. To Fred Hoyle, who was a committed atheist, this was a particularly attractive feature of the theory. Nigeria: It discusses the concept... | … Moreov, State) is a ‘‘human contrivance for the protection of th, the maintenance of orderly relations of exchange between in, origin of the State is part of the natural order of t, perpetuity. The aim of this paper is to review the theoretical approaches of Marxist, Elites, and Neo- Consensualist on the relations between state and civil society. also free from foreign control (Anifowose, 1999: 86-87). Moscow: Progress Publishers, Hartman, Jeannette (1994). New York: Random House, Crick, Benard (1973). Introduction to Political Science. TST is used to describe how a chemical reaction occurs, and it is based upon collision theory. With the passage of time, the family expanded and changed into clan which further developed into a tribe. Sha, Dung Pam (1999). Basic Forms of Government. ‘‘The Marxist Theory of Surplus Value: A Note for Beginners’’ in West African Journal of Research, Development in Education, Vol. Rather, it is a sprawling network, stretching across the government and into the private sector.” Relationship between State and Civil Society: Theoretical Review, The Significance of Civil Intellectuals’ Activism: A Case of Eco-Nationalistic Social Movement in Bangladesh, The Labor Process: How the Underdog is Kept Under, Marxism and Productive Forces: A Critique, Le marxisme soviétique : essai d'analyse critique / Herbert Marcuse, Critique et réflexion. I contend that analyses of state transformations would benefit from paying closer attention to state theory. (1994). It is also reasoned that the state in a cl, because it is autonomous, but because through, coercive instrument for the subjugation of t, Another incisive response to the critics has been presented, state exists for the reconciliation of class, how can an institution established, manned and controlled by t, outcome of the class struggle? essay written by Oladipo (1991). ds the state as a human community that (successfully), It alone has the right to exercise force to c, It is an all-inclusive association, i.e., all departm, The basis of the State is territorial, that is, its jurisdiction includes everybody who was born in a certain s. It has permanence. London: George Allen and Unwin (Publishers) Ltd. (1961). Marxists argue tha, protection of private property and the exp, not exist prior to the emergence of classes in human soc, away’’. Man and the State were seen as mutually inclusive and, inseparable and that the State is not an ar, the ‘‘liberal-democratic (or capitalist) view of the State’’ (Oladipo, 1991: 16, liberal view of the State would be appropriate. The Deep State, wrote Lofgren, is not “a secret, conspiratorial cabal; the state within a state is hiding mostly in plain sight, and its operators mainly act in the light of day. According to this theory, the state is merely an instrument in the hands of the ruling class. Rodee, Carlton Clymer, Totton James Anderson, Carl Quimby Christol, and Thomas H. Greene (1983). 6, No. (1984). ''The Marxist Theory of Surplus Value: A Note for Beginners'' in West African Journal of Research and New York: Last Man: A Critical Review’’ in Annals of the Social Science A.
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