Most maples are also moisture-seekers, and their roots may infiltrate water pipes or sewer lines if they are planted above them. Sugar maple’s leaves (pictured below ) are the shape that most people associate with maple leaves; they typically have either 5 or 7 lobes, with vivid autumn coloring ranging from yellow to purplish red. Its use as an ornamental and street tree, at least in urban areas, has been discontinued in recent years because the wood of silver maple is very brittle and often breaks in severe wind, snow or ice storms. General Description. The bark is like rough, separated plates with deep ridges in-between the pieces. It is also known as Scarlet Maple, Swamp Maple, Soft Maple, Carolina Red Maple, and Water Maple. Known either as Norway maple or European maple, this popular species was brought to North America from Europe in the 18th century. Leaves turn red or yellow in the fall. Many people decide to plant maples because they work well as shade, street, and specimen trees. Spring foliage is burgundy, turning green in summer, then yellow or yellow-orange in fall. The bark of a maple tree begins as a grayish-brown and darkens into a dark brown as the tree ages. This is a small rounded tree with narrow upright branches. Silver Maple Tree Identification. 5-7 inches wide; deeply clefted; 5-lobed with the sides of the terminal lobe diverging toward the tip; light green upper surface and a silvery white underside; leaf margin with fine teeth (but not the inner edges of the sinuses). Silver maple trees can grow to be between 70 and 100 feet tall. Japanese maple tree also have delicate toothed long lobes on leaves on horizontal branches. The leaves typically have more lobes than other maples, and a finer texture. A fourth maple species, silver maple (Acer saccharinum), is sometimes tapped, particularly in roadside operations, and is often confused with red maple. Plant this red maple tree in … This medium-sized maple is a common landscape tree in North America, a classic shade tree with a rounded or oval-shaped crown. Mature trees commonly average between 20 and 30 inches in diameter and 60 and 90 feet tall. This medium-sized shade tree has an attractive dense crown that is symmetrically round, but it is a shallow-rooted tree. This tree does well with urban conditions like salt and pollution. Lots of species of moth, such as the mocha, feed on its leaves. Probably no other species of forest tree, certainly no hardwood, can thrive on a wider variety of soil types and sites. Thinning or release cutting will substantially shorten the age-to-tapable-size. It also is sometimes called by the common name Siberian maple. Begin identifying your tree by choosing the appropriate region below. The red spring buds turn into red seed structure (samaras) hanging from reddish twigs. Second, like red maple, it begins growth in the spring, earlier than sugar and black maple, resulting in a shorter collecting season. One either taps red maple or they don't sugar. Thinning or release cutting dramatically reduces this age-to-tapable-size. Many parts of the red maple live up to the name. Some trees may have leaves sporting several of these colors at once. Black and sugar maples begin growth later in the spring than red or silver maple. The paperbark maple is an excellent specimen tree for small landscapes, especially when planted near a deck or patio where it can be appreciated. The Red Maple (Acer rubrum) is a medium to large deciduous tree that flourishes in a variety of habitats in the Adirondack Mountains.Its common name reflects the fact that its flowers, fruits, leaf stalks, and autumn colors are red or reddish. The paperbark maple is often chosen for a landscape because of its cinnamon or reddish-brown colored bark that peels away from the trunk, even when the tree is young. Leaves with a serrated edge or with tooth-like shapes around the margins are called toothed leaves. Crushed twigs do not emit a rank odor as does the silver maple. With all of the variations, it’s hard to pinpoint a few obvious features that make a tree a maple. While it can make a good large shade tree in the right circumstances, this is not a tree that is very tolerant of urban conditions. The oak tree has many hybrids which can make identification a tough job. A young silver maple will have gray bark with hints of red. TREE IDENTIFICATION GUIDE It’s easy to go through life with what our third-grade teacher taught us about trees. The maple tree is the national arboreal emblem of Canada. Third, like red maple, the evaporation of sap from some silver maples produces an excessive amount of sugar sand. Fall foliage is variable, ranging from an ordinary green to shades of yellow and red. One of the few exceptions is European larch which loses its needles in winter. Silver maple is among the fastest growing hardwood species commonly planted in eastern North America, certainly the fastest growing maple. Winged seed approximately 1" long. Try the Arbor Day Foundation’s online tree identification tool. Also, all four produce a fruit called a samara (or double samara), which is a pair of connected, winged seeds. For this reason, it has been widely planted as an ornamental and street tree. Includes images of bark, twigs, leaves, reproductive organs as well as distribution maps. Most maples are shallow-rooted trees that can push up sidewalks and other paving surfaces if planted too close. Maple Tree Identification There are over thirteen identified species of maple trees in North America alone. While it is a good idea to keep most landscape trees properly watered throughout the growing season, a maple will produce its best fall color if watering is withheld in the last weeks of summer and early fall. Maple Tree Landscaping: Top choice is the Japanese maple tree. Maple trees are members of the genus Acer, which includes a lot of variety in size, shape, color, and growth habit. In addition, when the sap of some red maples is processed, an excessive amount of sugar sand is produced. It is not a popular landscape tree because it lacks fall color, but the sycamore maple can make a good shade tree and has good tolerance for salty conditions. This maple is the first choice for those seeking to make maple syrup, as the sap contains a larger percentage of plant sugars than with any other maple species. ginnala. This large tree is an excellent shade tree for large landscapes and parks. Even in zone 5, a severe cold spell in winter can cause severe dieback, and in the southern part of the range, it benefits from some shade to prevent leaf scorch. Our illustrated, step-by-step process makes it easy to identify a tree simply by the kinds of leaves it produces. Both species are relatively long lived, capable of living well beyond 200 years, with trunk diameters greater than 30 inches and heights greater than 100 feet. In the fall, this variety of maple tree's bright green lobed foliage changes to deep scarlet and orange. These four species share several characteristics in common. Best of the Best: Maples With Great Fall Color, 12 Trees With Brilliant Fall Color Plus Other Advantages, 40 Species of Pines From Around the World, 12 Common Species of Magnolia Trees and Shrubs, 12 Common Species of Willow Trees and Shrubs, 9 Recommended Species of Serviceberry Trees and Shrubs, 11 Species of Walnut Trees for North American Landscapes. The deciduous species of the oak tree are seen in the colder latitudes, while those with evergreen leaves are seen toward the south. Both species have been planted extensively as roadside trees which are often tapped as part of a sugaring operation. Identifying a tree as a sugar or black maple (Table 3.2, Figure 3.2 & 3.3) is easily done from the leaves by observing 5-lobed leaves, the paired opposite attachment of the leaves along the stem and the lack of teeth along the leaf margin; from the bark of older trees by observing the long plates that remain attached on one side; from the twigs by observing the opposite arrangement of buds and the relatively long, pointed, brownish terminal bud; and from the seed by observing its horseshoe shape and size. Red maple is one of the most abundant and widespread hardwood trees in North America (Figure 3.8). Compared to sugar and black maple, red maple is a relatively short-lived tree, rarely living longer than 150 years. The red maple lives up to its name at many points throughout the year. While the exact sap sugar content of a tree will vary depending on many factors including genetics, site and weather, sugar and black maples generally average between 2.0 and 2.5 percent sap sugar content. Horseshoe-shaped double-winged fruit with parallel or slightly divergent wings. However, for sugaring, red maple does have three important weaknesses. Like the red maple, silver maple is a relatively short-lived tree when compared to the sugar or black maple, living perhaps. It is important to emphasize that good, high-quality maple syrup can be made from red maple sap. The oak tree leaf is broad, thin and flat and is called a broadleaf. Fall colors vary considerably depending on cultivar; yellows, red-purples, and bronze hues are all available. In fact, this is where it gets the name “loblolly” from. Sugar sand can cause several problems during the production process. Once established, the Amur maple will have some drought resistance. Mature leaves have a whitish appearingunderside. In some areas, this tree is known as the planetree maple. If the foliage on the tree is needles or scales then you are probably looking at a conifer. Like sugar and black maple, red maple is shade tolerant and is found in both even-aged and uneven-aged forests. Slender, shiny, usually reddish in color; terminal buds. Striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum) and mountain maple (Acer spicatum) are two other native maples that are found growing within the commercial maple range (Figures 3.10 and 3.11). punctatum. For this guide, we have chosen some of the trees commonly found on the trails at the Arboretum. Blood red Japanese maple has very deep dark red leaves during the summer and are wonderfully bright red in the fall when the sun shines through the leaves. Regionally, this tree carries many different common names: scarlet maple, soft maple, Drummond red maple, Carolina red maple, swamp maple, trident red maple, and water maple. Red maple is commonly tapped in certain geographic areas, particularly in the southern and western portions of the commercial maple range. Similar to sugar maple with, perhaps, a slightly larger seed. Secondly, red maple begins growth in the spring before sugar and black maples, resulting in a shorter collecting season. Landscape set up as primary tree focal point in a flower bed or as a stand alone tree … Like all maples, the leaves, buds and twigs of all four are attached in pairs opposite each other along the branches. On good sites with little competition from other trees, silver maple diameter growth may approach 1/2 inch per year (rates as high as 1 inch per year have been recorded). Maples are renowned for their autumn colors; many species put on a display of oranges, browns, yellows, and reds every year. Resistant to air pollution, trident maple is a good choice for street-side plantings. This is the geographic area of greatest abundance of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and black maple (Acer nigrum), the two most preferred and most commonly tapped maple species. This can be a somewhat difficult plant to find for sale, but it can make a good small tree or large shrub in the landscape. 'Crimson King' is one of the most popular varieties; it features very attractive maroon leaves throughout the growing season, but the fall color is unremarkable, turning a grayish color. The green leaves turn yellow or brownish-gold in fall. Its natural habitat is along stream banks, floodplains, and lake edges where it grows best on better-drained, moist alluvial soils. 1. There are thirteen native maple species in North America (Table 3-1). Maple tree leaves: Amur maple tree leaves are 2” – 4” (5 – 10 cm) long with three or five lobes with toothed margins. Black maple is more likely to be found along moist river bottoms. Throughout much of the commercial maple region, however, most maple producers will not tap silver maple. 2 / 12. Sugar and black maple are very similar species and unquestionably the most preferred species for producing maple products, primarily because of their high sugar content. This does not include hundreds of maple species in all other countries and those that are yet to be discovered. It has since become one of the most prevalent trees. Silver maple leaves grow to be five to seven inches wide, with five lobes. Healthy sugar and black maple trees growing in overstocked uneven-aged or even-aged stands can be expected to achieve tapable size in 40 to 60 years, depending on overall site quality. Just like the Sugar Maple tree, the Japanese maple loves well-drained soil. Many plant species within a genus have a similar appearance, but there can be surprises, as is the case with hornbeam maple. It is recognized by the opposite paired arrangements of its leaves and branches, its 7lobed leaf without marginal teeth, and its 11/2 to 2 inch long samara with divergent wings (Figure 3.12). Always check the behavior of the maple species you are considering before planting it. Sugar maple occurs naturally throughout most of the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada (Figure 3.6). One exotic maple, Norway maple (Acer platanoides), is commonly planted as an ornamental and street tree and will attain tapable size. Maple Tree Tar Spot. Greenish-white flowers in spring give way to red samaras, and the fall foliage is yellow or red. The Amur maple tree grows to between 10 and 32 ft. (3 – 10 m) and has a dense, rounded crown. Maple trees are identified by their 5-lobed leaves and winged fruit. Both species are also found in stands composed of trees that are essentially all the same age (size). Red maple is commonly tapped in certain geographic areas, particularly in the southern and western portions of the commercial maple range. — Beta Version, getting better every day. Because sugar and black maple resume growth later than red or silver maple, sap may be collected later in the spring. The leaves are either green or red and come in a wide variety of shapes and textures—there are thousands of cultivars. Fall color is stimulated by the slight stress that occurs when climate conditions become dry, and if you irrigate a maple too diligently, its fall color may be disappointing. What Tree Is That? If it is smooth to the touch, gray or gray-brown in color and the tree is relatively young, it might be any one of a number of common maples, including red, Norway, sugar or silver maple. Low-maintenance Amur maples thrive in zones 2 – 8 in full sun and poor soil. Introducing "One Thing": A New Video Series, The Spruce Gardening & Plant Care Review Board, The Spruce Renovations and Repair Review Board. Big leaf maple is a massive, thick-bodied tree with furrowed gray or reddish-brown bark. Similar to sugar maple but usually darker and more deeply grooved or furrowed. Depending on the species of tree, the toothed edges can be so fine that you have to look close to notice them. Late March marks the beginning of the sugar maple season in the Northeast United States. Similar to red maple but bruised or scraped bark has a very fetid or foul odor. Instead, as the scientific and common names note, the foliage is more like what you would find on a hornbeam tree (Carpinus spp.). The leaf edges have fine teeth. Striped maple is a small slender tree which rarely attains tapable size. This lower sap sugar content translates to higher costs of production and lower profits. These include trees in the pine, fir, cypress, larch and spruce families. It has a winged fruit but the wings hang down at an angle whereas those on the field Maple … In other areas, red maple may be tapped along with sugar and black maples. Neither of these species is commonly tapped. Fruits mature in fall. This species is closely related to the Amur maple. Silver maple is a rapidly growing maple found throughout much of the eastern United States and extreme southeastern Canada, where it is often tapped (sometimes heavily) in a particular location (Figure 3.9). Three-lobed (or sometimes five-lobed) green leaves usually turn reddish in fall, though the particular hues can be unpredictable. While most of these species are probably tapped to some extent, at least by hobbyists, sugar and black maple, along with red maple (Acer rubrum), provide most of the commercial sap. Instead, as the scientific and common names note, the foliage more closely resembles that of the hornbeam tree (Carpinus spp.). The flowers are upright and green, yellow, or red in color depending on species, and the fruit appears in winged clusters which hold the seeds of this self-pollinating tree. Most conifer trees have needles or scales present all year that can be used for identification. In fall, this tree turns attractive shades of yellow, orange, or red. Silver maple's growth rate often responds dramatically to thinning or release cutting. Field maple is attractive to aphids and their predators, including many species of ladybird, hoverfly and bird. A rounder form rather than tall will strengthen your case for a Japanese maple tree. Sugar sand or niter is the salt that precipitates during the evaporation process. Trident maple grows slowly, so it rarely needs pruning. Most of the maple species are deciduous woody plants, ranging from multi-stemmed shrubs to large upright trees with massive trunks.
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